نتیجه آزمون

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 1 - Reading Correspondence

Reading Passage

Dear Ara,

Thank you for submitting your insurance claim to our office. I have finished reviewing it, including your photos of the water-damaged items and the original purchase receipts for them. I appreciated the itemized spreadsheet you included.

You have claimed the cost of replacing your desktop computer, which was for personal use only and damaged in the flood. The computer cannot be repaired, so the cost of replacing it is approved. However, your spreadsheet also itemizes the cost of a 3-year extended warranty, purchased along with the computer. Since the computer is 7 years old, the warranty coverage has expired. We cannot pay for the expired warranty portion of your computer costs.

You have also claimed the cost of the goods and services tax (GST) on the original purchase price of items that were damaged. Unfortunately, we pay this cost only on items that have been purchased as replacements. Therefore, for any replacement item you purchase, please submit the receipt to us. Note that interest on credit card purchases is not covered.

Regarding the wool carpet samples, you indicated that these are the property of the flooring company you work for. Our policy covers only property owned and used by you personally, so, I’m sorry, but we cannot cover the cost of the damaged carpet samples.

When it’s time for you to renew your policy with us next spring, we recommend that you purchase additional insurance for items stored in your home but owned by or used in your business. This would protect you not only against the type of loss you recently experienced, but also against other risks such as fire.

Your adjusted total is $16,400. Our accounting department will issue you a cheque on the 15th of this month. If you would prefer to pick it up rather than receive it by mail, please let me know by this Wednesday at the latest.

As a valued long-time client, please accept warmest wishes from our family of companies. We wish you every success in recovering from your losses this past August, and we are pleased to have been able to assist you.

Regards,

Nelson Lowe

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 2 - Reading to Apply a Diagram

Subject: Chocolates

To: Roger Neufeld rogerneufeld@burdys.com

From: Vincent Mathijs vmathijs@burdys.com

Good morning Roger,

Hope you had a great weekend. As promised, here's my draft of the concept for our next product line. The concept is to simplify and logically group our range of chocolate confections.

Customers still have plenty of options—but there won't be any 1. ___ (leaf-shaped marzipan | praline rose blossoms | globe-shaped truffles | star-shaped fudge). Informal market research showed that the most popular item among the available options was the marzipan in the 2. ___ (long rectangle | swirling spiral | ringed planet | tulip blossom) shape.

One strategy behind the product range is to stand out from our competitors by 3. ___ (focusing just on rich dark chocolate | having a clearly organized collection | lightly dusting all the treats with sugar | offering twenty different kinds of nuts). Another strategy was to follow the consumer trend toward healthier options that limit the intake of particular ingredients. The 4. ___ (fudge | ganache | praline | truffle) products are specifically designed to fill this need.

Well, those are my ponderings on this concept. What are yours? If I could have your feedback before next Friday, I'd really appreciate it.

Thanks in advance for your input.

Vincent Mathijs, 5. ___ (Accounts Receivable Officer | Founder and International CEO | Product Development Specialist | Shipping and Receiving Manager)

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 3 - Reading for Information

Reading Passage

A. Photographs of spectacular rainbows are a dime a dozen, but a similar event seldom witnessed is the occurrence of moonbows. While rainbows are caused by beams of sunlight refracting through water droplets in the atmosphere, moonbows, as their name suggests, are created by beams of moonlight refracting through moisture in the air. However, this is where the similarity to rainbows ends. These nighttime bows, also referred to as lunar rainbows, are a much rarer phenomenon, occurring only at particular times of the year and limited by geographic requirements.

B. A distinct combination of astronomical and meteorological conditions is required in order for a moonbow to occur. For one, the moon must be bright, such as during a full or nearly full moon. Moreover, the moon must be low in the sky, no more than 42 degrees above the horizon. The lower the elevation of the moon, the fuller the lunar rainbow. Finally, there must be water droplets present in the atmosphere. The optimal conditions occur on nights during which there are rain showers falling opposite the moon and the sky is clear. Mist from waterfalls can also create the appropriate amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Under these precise conditions, a viewer standing with his or her back to the moon could potentially observe a moonbow.

C. Although multicoloured, the bands of the arc of a moonbow appear as various shades of grey to the naked eye. This can be attributed to physiological factors. Because it is difficult for the human eye to discern colours at low levels of illumination, such as in the darkness of night, the multihued bow appears white or grey. Nonetheless, the magnificent colours of lunar bows can be picked up in long-exposure photographs, even though the arc appears monochrome to the photographer.

D. Because of the specific combination of conditions required, moonbows are more prevalent in certain locations around the world, particularly those that have waterfalls. Such moonbows form fairly regularly at Yosemite Falls in California, Cumberland Falls in Kentucky, and Victoria Falls on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. In fact, moonbow predictions at some of these locations can be found on various websites. The appearance of lunar rainbows is also common in the cloud forests of Costa Rica and in certain areas of Hawaii. If you are fortunate enough to be at the right place at the right time, you may be able to catch a glimpse of this magnificent phenomenon.

E. Not given in any of the above paragraphs.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.

Part 4 - Reading for Viewpoints

Reading Passage

Smartphones and other technological paraphernalia have invaded our lives. We are now surrounded by people eschewing social etiquette by compulsively checking their phones, drawn automatically to the incessant "ding" of their notifications. The ubiquity and nature of this modern technology have made concentrating on anything for more than a moment feel like a Herculean task. Young children are particularly at risk, since their neurological development is not yet complete.

The impression that children are negatively affected by personal computing devices is reflected in anecdotal evidence from classrooms, where teachers increasingly report shortened attention spans in pupils. Lisa Cranberg, a veteran elementary school teacher, believes that “exposure to technology is rewiring our kids' brains.” For her, “children spending extended periods of time interacting solely with their smartphones is showing diminished self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and focus.” In essence, she believes that overstimulation is making it difficult for students to concentrate in a traditional lecture-centric classroom.

Not everyone is as anxious, however, about technological advances. Dr. Clara Hughes of the University of Waterloo agrees that shifts in stimuli are resulting in cerebral rewiring, with ramifications that might include shorter attention spans. However, she claims that developing these mechanisms that allow us to partake in rapid-fire attention shifting is actually “beneficial to creative types whose job is to amalgamate disparate ideas.” She surmises that our brains are simply adapting to the level of stimulation inherent to our environment.

In fact, while technology can be harmful to concentration, a new wave of research is unearthing a whole slew of unforeseen beneficial effects. “Modern technology is bettering our ability to multitask and concentrate in short bursts,” according to neuropsychologist Dr. Mark Levinson. This means that “we get a better sense of what deserves our attention, and there is an improved selection of the information we commit to memory.”

Dr. Hughes is more moderate in her analysis, saying that “overexposure and gadget addiction do have a demonstrably negative effect on many cognitive behaviours.” Nevertheless, she concurs with Dr. Levinson’s overall beneficial assessment of the neurological side-effects of our interactions with digital technologies.